The Houthis (Ansar Allah) have emerged from the remote northern regions of Yemen as a regional power that now controls vast parts of the country and poses a constant threat to Saudi Arabia, the world's largest oil exporter.
History and Emergence of the Houthis
The Houthis, whose roots trace back to the 1990s, are now recognized as regional actors capable of disrupting global transportation and oil prices. This group, which benefits from Iranian support, acts strongly against the West, with their famous slogan being "Death to America, Death to Israel."
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However, unlike Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthis, who took control of the capital in 2014 and faced a prolonged war with a Saudi-led coalition, were not directly created by Iran. Mohammad Azan, an Islamic thought researcher, explains that initially there was no structural link between Iran and this movement, and the relations developed gradually.
Strengthening Relations with Iran
After the Gaza war, the Houthis' relations with Iran strengthened, and they have become closer to Iran in pursuit of their goals. This alignment of interests is clearly evident with their rapid assault in September, which led to the capture of parts of the Red Sea coast. Controlling the strategic Bab al-Mandab Strait has increased Iran's bargaining power and provided the Houthis with significant leverage against Riyadh.
The establishment of arms networks and military support from Iran has enabled the Houthis to create an asymmetric balance of power with Saudi Arabia. Their military strength, utilizing Yemen's geography and targeting Saudi infrastructure, has inflicted significant damage on their neighbor.
Despite Iran denying support for the Houthis, reports indicate that military aid has significantly increased since 2016. This assistance includes military and communication techniques transferred through Hezbollah and then directly from Iran.
These factors, along with the weakness of the Yemeni government and its internal divisions, have contributed to the emergence of Houthi power, making them an effective force in the region.
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